Vim li cas lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws hlau hu ua tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws?
Washers yog me me, tiaj tus hlau discs nrog ib lub qhov nyob hauv nruab nrab. Lawv feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov los faib cov load ntawm lub fastener, xws li ib tug ntsia liaj qhov rooj los yog ib tug ntsia hlau, thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau saum npoo yog fastened. Lo lus "washer" zoo li yooj yim txaus, tab sis koj puas tau xav tias vim li cas lawv thiaj li hu ua washers? Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav dhia mus rau hauv etymology ntawm lo lus thiab tshawb txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no feem ntau siv fastening tivthaiv.
Keeb kwm ntawm lo lus "Washer"
Lub sij hawm "washer" originated nyob rau hauv lus Askiv thaum lub xyoo pua 14th. Nws los ntawm Middle English lo lus "waschen," uas txhais tau hais tias " ntxuav." Thaum xub thawj, lo lus tau siv nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua ntawm kev ntxuav lossis ntxhua khaub ncaws. Txawm li cas los xij, dhau sij hawm, lo lus "sasher" pib cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm tshaj li khaub ncaws.
Kev txais yuav lub sij hawm rau cov hlau disc nrog lub hauv paus qhov yog ntseeg tau los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev ntxuav los yog cais cov khoom sib txawv. Raws li lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws tau muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lub fastener thiab qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias yog ib qho thaiv uas ua rau ob lub ntsiab lus sib nrug, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha. Hauv ib txoj kev, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li kev sib cais thiab ntxuav ntxhua khaub ncaws, yog li lub npe "washer" daig.
Qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Washers
Cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws tuaj yeem tshwm sim yooj yim, tab sis lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev siv tshuab thiab kev tsim kho. Cia peb tshawb nrhiav lawv qhov tseem ceeb thiab ua haujlwm kom ntxaws ntxiv.
1. Thauj khoom faib
Ib qho ntawm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yog txhawm rau faib cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv fastener hla thaj tsam loj. Thaum lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj los yog ib tug ntsia hlau yog nruj nreem, nws tsim kom muaj siab nyob rau hauv lub nto yog fastened. Yog tsis muaj lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, lub siab no yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw me me, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj los yog ua rau nws yooj yim rau loosening lub sij hawm.
Los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, lub nra tau nthuav tawm thoob plaws thaj chaw loj dua, txo qhov siab ntawm ib qho taw tes. Qhov no pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj, ua rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev sib txuas, thiab txhim kho tag nrho lub zog thiab lub neej ntev ntawm kev sib khi.
2. Kev tiv thaiv nto
Ntxiv nrog rau kev thauj khoom xa tawm, cov ntxhua khaub ncaws kuj tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv saum npoo. Thaum fastening cov ntaub ntawv ua ke, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm khawb, marring, los yog deforming nto. Lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub fastener thiab cov khoom, txo qhov kev sib cuag thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj txuas cov ntsia hlau hlau rau cov khoom siv yas tsis yooj yim, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yuav tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm kev kov ncaj qha thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam los yog deforming cov yas. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntawv thov uas qhov zoo nkauj lossis cov qauv kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb.
3. Preloading thiab Spring Action
Cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab preloading thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Preloading yog hais txog kev siv qhov nro lossis compression quab yuam rau lub fastener ua ntej nws npaj siv. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab them rov qab rau txhua qhov kev cia siab tias yuav nyob, loosening, lossis thermal expansion uas yuav tshwm sim dhau sijhawm.
Qee hom tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, xws li Belleville washers lossis disc springs, muaj cov khoom zoo li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Lawv tuaj yeem nqus tau thiab tso tawm lub zog, yog li txhim kho qhov ua kom muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke kom tiv taus cov khoom hnyav, kev vibrations, lossis thermal stress. Cov ntxhua khaub ncaws no tuaj yeem ua raws li kev poob siab absorbers, them nyiaj rau kev ua si lossis kev txav uas yuav tshwm sim hauv cov khoom sib txuas.
Hom Washers
Washers tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam duab, qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kom haum rau ntau yam kev siv thiab kev xav tau. Qee hom tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws muaj xws li:
1. Lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws
Flat washers yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv hom ntxhua khaub ncaws. Lawv muaj ib lub tiaj tiaj ntawm ob sab thiab ib lub qhov nyob hauv nruab nrab. Flat washers feem ntau yog siv rau kev thauj khoom thauj thiab kev tiv thaiv nto.
2. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws, tseem hu ua lock washers los yog cais washers, yog tsim los nrog ib tug split los yog helical zoo li. Cov duab no muab kev ua haujlwm zoo li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, uas pab tswj kev nruj thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob xoob vim muaj kev vibrations lossis lwm yam quab yuam sab nraud. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov kev vibration siab lossis qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom nruj thiab rov ua kom zoo dua qub.
3. Belleville Washers
Belleville washers, tseem hu ua conical spring washers, yog conical zoo li tus thiab muab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav siab loads nyob rau hauv ib tug me me qhov chaw. Lawv yog tsim los tswj cov loads siab, siab kub, thiab muaj peev xwm so kom txaus. Belleville washers pom cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam xws li tsheb, hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, thiab aerospace.
4. Wave Washers
Wave washers, raws li lub npe qhia, muaj lub ntsej muag zoo li yoj thiab muab axial yooj thiab kev co damping. Lawv feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qhov tsis zoo, kev nthuav dav thermal, lossis tswj kev nruj ntawm cov pob qij txha hauv qhov sib txawv.
Xaus
Lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws hlau yuav zoo li ib qho yooj yim, tab sis nws ua haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov siv tshuab thiab kev tsim kho. Lub sij hawm "washer" pib los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev tu lossis cais cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom ob lub ntsiab lus sib nrug yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev siv fastening. Cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws faib cov khoom thauj, tiv thaiv qhov chaw, muab preloading lossis caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua haujlwm, thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom kom haum rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Yog li, lwm zaus koj tuaj hla lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws hlau, koj yuav paub tias nws muaj ntau dua li lub npe.